Engine oil is an essential and fundamental component. It lubricates the engine’s internal parts to reduce friction. It is also part of the cooling system, lowering temperatures through its movement within the engine.
Variable valve timing (VVT) valves are also controlled by oil pressure. Their role in the engine is to reduce fuel consumption by varying the opening and closing times of the valves, a process driven by oil pressure.
The oil is transported in the engine by a pump located at the bottom of the engine. It moves from the bottom of the engine (the crankcase), which serves as the oil reservoir, to the rest of the engine. The oil is transported within special cavities.
The oil moves through the engine by passing through certain components and sensors, such as the filter, oil pressure sensor, and engine oil level sensor. Some engines also have an oil cooler and VVT valves.
There are many reasons for low engine oil pressure, but the most important are the following:
Using adulterated oil or oil that doesn’t meet the engine’s operating requirements
Adulterated oil will increase friction between parts and raise engine temperature. Key components, such as the crankshaft and camshaft, may break, and seals may be damaged due to poor lubrication.
Using a counterfeit or imitation oil filter
Some adulterated types become clogged and prevent oil from passing through, which could cost you a new engine.
Low oil level
A small amount of oil in the engine causes low pressure. This is usually caused by an oil leak or long periods of unchecked oil use.
Faulty oil pump
Oil pumps in most engines consist of two gears that rotate via a chain or gear with the crankshaft. Over time, the clearance between the gears increases, reducing the oil pressure transmitted by the pump.
However, the pump usually lasts a long time and doesn’t break easily, except in cases such as using heavy oil that doesn’t meet engine specifications or excessive metal impurities in the crankcase. A clogged filter, through which the pump draws oil from the bottom of the engine, can cause it to malfunction.
Crankshaft or Camshaft Wear
The crankshaft is lubricated through small holes in the engine block. Any wear on the crankshaft will increase the amount of lubrication required. The same applies to the camshaft. You will notice the oil sensor light coming on and an increase in engine noise.
Failure of the Oil Pressure Sensor
This sensor usually doesn’t malfunction, but dirt accumulates on it, preventing it from giving accurate readings. Simply cleaning it will restore normal operation, but it may stop working for one reason or another. The solution, of course, is to inspect it and ensure its cleanliness and integrity. If it is damaged, it must be replaced.
Clogged Evaporative Valve
All engines have vents, which are where oil vapor and air inside the engine escape. These can become clogged due to dirt and other factors. Therefore, the valve must be cleaned and all oil vapor outlets must be properly functioning.
Low Oil Viscosity
Prolonged use of oil will cause it to lose its viscosity, color, and density. It will turn black, and this color will stick to the engine and will not easily disappear. Therefore, it is important to ensure that the oil is changed on time and that it meets the engine specifications.
Prolonged use of oil will cause oil pressure to drop, causing sensor lights to appear on the instrument panel. This will also accelerate wear on the crankshaft, camshaft, and other components.
